Average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Average annual surface temperature was 2.45 °C in 2025. ▲ Rising
Latest (2025)
2.45 °C
Change on year
up 23.2%
World rank
188th
of 193 countries
All-time high
2.45 °C
in 2025
All-time low
0.6127 °C
in 1944
Years of data
86
1940–2025
Average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands, 1940–2025
Source: Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in °C.
Analysis
In 2025, average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands stood at 2.45 °C. That is the highest value across all 86 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 23.2% on the previous year and up 67.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands peaked at 2.45 °C in 2025 and was at its lowest, 0.6127 °C, in 1944.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands ranks 188th of 193 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 86 years of available data.
Average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands, year by year
| Year | °C | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 0.8284 °C | — |
| 1941 | 0.6264 °C | -24.4% |
| 1942 | 1.06 °C | +69.4% |
| 1943 | 0.894 °C | -15.8% |
| 1944 | 0.6127 °C | -31.5% |
| 1945 | 0.942 °C | +53.7% |
| 1946 | 1.15 °C | +21.9% |
| 1947 | 1.28 °C | +11.4% |
| 1948 | 0.9664 °C | -24.5% |
| 1949 | 0.7662 °C | -20.7% |
| 1950 | 0.8517 °C | +11.2% |
| 1951 | 1.53 °C | +79.2% |
| 1952 | 1.35 °C | -11.4% |
| 1953 | 1.12 °C | -17.4% |
| 1954 | 1.11 °C | -0.8% |
| 1955 | 1.01 °C | -9.3% |
| 1956 | 1.07 °C | +6.3% |
| 1957 | 0.9825 °C | -8.1% |
| 1958 | 1.48 °C | +50.8% |
| 1959 | 1.19 °C | -19.5% |
| 1960 | 1.52 °C | +27.8% |
| 1961 | 1.37 °C | -10.3% |
| 1962 | 1.22 °C | -10.8% |
| 1963 | 1.06 °C | -12.9% |
| 1964 | 1.07 °C | +0.9% |
| 1965 | 1.2 °C | +12.2% |
| 1966 | 1.35 °C | +12.3% |
| 1967 | 1.24 °C | -7.9% |
| 1968 | 1.53 °C | +22.8% |
| 1969 | 1.56 °C | +2.2% |
| 1970 | 1.48 °C | -5.4% |
| 1971 | 1.31 °C | -11.5% |
| 1972 | 1.19 °C | -8.7% |
| 1973 | 1.24 °C | +3.8% |
| 1974 | 0.974 °C | -21.3% |
| 1975 | 1.13 °C | +16.2% |
| 1976 | 1.07 °C | -5.0% |
| 1977 | 1.43 °C | +33.5% |
| 1978 | 1.57 °C | +9.3% |
| 1979 | 1.85 °C | +18.2% |
| 1980 | 1.64 °C | -11.4% |
| 1981 | 1.72 °C | +4.9% |
| 1982 | 1.94 °C | +12.8% |
| 1983 | 1.64 °C | -15.5% |
| 1984 | 1.34 °C | -18.5% |
| 1985 | 1.37 °C | +2.0% |
| 1986 | 1.45 °C | +6.2% |
| 1987 | 1.7 °C | +17.3% |
| 1988 | 1.38 °C | -18.6% |
| 1989 | 1.36 °C | -1.4% |
| 1990 | 1.45 °C | +6.4% |
| 1991 | 1.59 °C | +9.3% |
| 1992 | 1.61 °C | +1.5% |
| 1993 | 1.48 °C | -8.0% |
| 1994 | 1.28 °C | -13.6% |
| 1995 | 1.4 °C | +9.3% |
| 1996 | 1.14 °C | -18.6% |
| 1997 | 1.83 °C | +60.1% |
| 1998 | 1.82 °C | -0.2% |
| 1999 | 1.33 °C | -26.9% |
| 2000 | 1.34 °C | +0.2% |
| 2001 | 1.62 °C | +20.9% |
| 2002 | 1.58 °C | -2.2% |
| 2003 | 1.85 °C | +17.0% |
| 2004 | 1.67 °C | -9.4% |
| 2005 | 1.35 °C | -19.3% |
| 2006 | 1.38 °C | +2.4% |
| 2007 | 1.25 °C | -9.6% |
| 2008 | 1.66 °C | +32.8% |
| 2009 | 1.48 °C | -10.5% |
| 2010 | 1.79 °C | +20.3% |
| 2011 | 1.64 °C | -8.3% |
| 2012 | 2.01 °C | +22.6% |
| 2013 | 1.7 °C | -15.1% |
| 2014 | 1.12 °C | -34.5% |
| 2015 | 1.46 °C | +30.4% |
| 2016 | 1.99 °C | +36.4% |
| 2017 | 2.26 °C | +13.7% |
| 2018 | 2.04 °C | -9.7% |
| 2019 | 1.96 °C | -4.2% |
| 2020 | 1.88 °C | -4.1% |
| 2021 | 1.81 °C | -3.3% |
| 2022 | 1.75 °C | -3.4% |
| 2023 | 2.24 °C | +27.7% |
| 2024 | 1.99 °C | -11.3% |
| 2025 | 2.45 °C | +23.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940s | 0.9125 °C | 0.6127 °C | 1.28 °C | 10 |
| 1950s | 1.17 °C | 0.8517 °C | 1.53 °C | 10 |
| 1960s | 1.31 °C | 1.06 °C | 1.56 °C | 10 |
| 1970s | 1.32 °C | 0.974 °C | 1.85 °C | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.56 °C | 1.34 °C | 1.94 °C | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.49 °C | 1.14 °C | 1.83 °C | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.52 °C | 1.25 °C | 1.85 °C | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.8 °C | 1.12 °C | 2.26 °C | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.02 °C | 1.75 °C | 2.45 °C | 6 |
Countries ranked near Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- 185 Tajikistan 2.63 °C compare
- 186 Kyrgyzstan 2.5 °C compare
- 187 Norway 2.5 °C compare
- 189 Mongolia 2.24 °C compare
- 190 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands -0.0896 °C compare
- 191 Russia -2.35 °C compare
More reference data data for Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- Annual precipitation, annual growth rate 3.05 % change on previous year (2025)
- Exposure to extreme precipitation — Annual precipitation change -17.8 Millimetres per year (2023)
- Exposure to extreme temperature — Annual temperature change 0.729 Degrees celsius (2023)
- Red List Index 0.93 index (2025)
- Annual temperature anomalies 0.8308 °C (2025)
- Member countries of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 0 number (2025)
- Annual area burnt by wildfires 0 hectares (2026)
- Annual number of wildfires 0 wildfires (2026)
- Annual area burnt per wildfire vs. number of fires 0 wildfires (2026)
- Chlorophyll-a deviation from the global average 3.3% (2022)
Frequently asked questions
- What is average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands?
- Average annual surface temperature in Heard Island and McDonald Islands was 2.45 °C in 2025, according to Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest average annual surface temperature recorded in Heard Island and McDonald Islands?
- The highest recorded value was 2.45 °C in 2025.
- What is the lowest average annual surface temperature recorded in Heard Island and McDonald Islands?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.6127 °C in 1944.
- How does Heard Island and McDonald Islands rank for average annual surface temperature?
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands ranks 188th out of 193 countries with data for 2025.
- Is average annual surface temperature rising or falling in Heard Island and McDonald Islands?
- Over the last ten years it is up 67.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Heard Island and McDonald Islands data come from?
- The figures come from Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Average annual surface temperature. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 86 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Temperature of the air measured 2 meters above the ground, encompassing land, sea, and in-land water surfaces.