Apparent cost of general government gross debt by country
Countries reporting
25
Highest
5.2 Rate
Romania
Lowest
1.4 Rate
Ireland
Median
2.5 Rate
Years covered
29
1997–2025
Data points
247
What the numbers show
Apparent cost of general government gross debt is currently reported for 25 countries. The highest value is 5.2 Rate in Romania; the lowest is 1.4 Rate in Ireland.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.5 Rate, and the mean is 2.58 Rate.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.
Over the past decade 12 countries rose and 8 fell. The largest increase was in Estonia (up 212.5%), and the largest decrease in Portugal (down 36.1%).
Apparent cost of general government gross debt: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romania | 5.2 Rate | 2025 | up 48.6% | rising |
| 2 | Poland | 4.5 Rate | 2025 | up 73.1% | rising |
| 2 | Poland | 4.5 Rate | 2025 | up 73.1% | rising |
| 4 | Czechia | 3.1 Rate | 2025 | up 34.8% | rising |
| 5 | Italy | 3 Rate | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 6 | Norway | 2.9 Rate | 2025 | — | rising |
| 7 | Denmark | 2.8 Rate | 2025 | up 115.4% | rising |
| 8 | Croatia | 2.6 Rate | 2025 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 8 | Spain | 2.6 Rate | 2025 | up 30.0% | rising |
| 8 | Croatia | 2.6 Rate | 2025 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 11 | Estonia | 2.5 Rate | 2025 | up 212.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Latvia | 2.5 Rate | 2025 | — | rising |
| 11 | Estonia | 2.5 Rate | 2025 | up 212.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Latvia | 2.5 Rate | 2025 | — | rising |
| 15 | Belgium | 2.3 Rate | 2025 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 15 | Portugal | 2.3 Rate | 2025 | down 36.1% | falling |
| 17 | Greece | 2.2 Rate | 2025 | up 46.7% | rising |
| 18 | Austria | 2.1 Rate | 2025 | — | rising |
| 19 | Sweden | 1.9 Rate | 2025 | — | rising |
| 19 | France | 1.9 Rate | 2025 | up 58.3% | rising |
| 21 | Germany | 1.8 Rate | 2025 | down 10.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Netherlands | 1.7 Rate | 2025 | down 26.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Netherlands | 1.7 Rate | 2025 | down 26.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Luxembourg | 1.5 Rate | 2025 | down 31.8% | falling |
| 25 | Ireland | 1.4 Rate | 2025 | down 22.2% | falling |