Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per square kilometre by country
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
196
Highest
17.86 units per square kilometre
Monaco
Lowest
0 units per square kilometre
South Sudan
Median
0.0096 units per square kilometre
Years covered
28
1996–2023
Data points
5,428
What the numbers show
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per square kilometre is currently reported for 196 countries. The highest value is 17.86 units per square kilometre in Monaco; the lowest is 0 units per square kilometre in South Sudan.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0096 units per square kilometre, and the mean is 0.2467 units per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 182 countries rose and 14 fell. The largest increase was in North Korea (up 3,171.9%), and the largest decrease in Dominica (down 69.4%).
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Monaco | 17.86 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 2 | Singapore | 16.56 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 3 | Malta | 1.56 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.1% | volatile |
| 4 | Netherlands | 0.9566 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 5 | Bahrain | 0.8979 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 198.1% | volatile |
| 6 | South Korea | 0.7349 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 7 | Israel | 0.6398 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 8 | Switzerland | 0.5772 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 9 | Belgium | 0.5515 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 10 | Luxembourg | 0.4567 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.9% | volatile |
| 11 | United Kingdom | 0.4032 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 12 | Denmark | 0.3901 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 13 | San Marino | 0.3348 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 185.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Liechtenstein | 0.3201 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.7% | rising |
| 15 | Germany | 0.3113 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 16 | Italy | 0.2799 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 17 | Japan | 0.2648 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 18 | Qatar | 0.2151 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 213.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Lebanon | 0.2033 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.1% | volatile |
| 20 | Portugal | 0.199 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.1% | volatile |
| 21 | Cyprus | 0.1909 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.7% | volatile |
| 22 | Slovenia | 0.1772 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 23 | Czechia | 0.1738 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 24 | Austria | 0.1678 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 25 | Palestine | 0.143 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 282.9% | volatile |
| 26 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.1365 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 173.7% | volatile |
| 27 | Barbados | 0.1321 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 28 | Ireland | 0.1266 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 29 | Grenada | 0.125 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 30 | Spain | 0.1207 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 31 | France | 0.1154 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 32 | Slovakia | 0.1109 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 33 | Maldives | 0.1065 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 353.9% | volatile |
| 34 | Greece | 0.1051 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 35 | Mauritius | 0.1028 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.1% | volatile |
| 36 | Poland | 0.1019 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 37 | United Arab Emirates | 0.0996 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 307.6% | volatile |
| 38 | China | 0.0993 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 165.3% | volatile |
| 39 | Croatia | 0.0983 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 40 | Brunei | 0.0952 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 450.1% | volatile |
| 41 | Hungary | 0.0905 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 42 | Kuwait | 0.0783 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.9% | rising |
| 43 | India | 0.0767 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 184.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Malaysia | 0.0721 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Puerto Rico | 0.0682 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 46 | Turkey | 0.0652 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.3% | volatile |
| 47 | Bangladesh | 0.0635 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 374.5% | volatile |
| 48 | Serbia | 0.0615 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 49 | Jordan | 0.061 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 302.6% | volatile |
| 50 | Sweden | 0.0522 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 51 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0479 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.8% | rising |
| 52 | United States | 0.0471 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 53 | Romania | 0.0466 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.4% | volatile |
| 54 | Bulgaria | 0.046 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.4% | rising |
| 55 | Lithuania | 0.0427 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 56 | Estonia | 0.041 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 57 | Iraq | 0.0385 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2,036.2% | volatile |
| 58 | Norway | 0.0378 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.6% | rising |
| 59 | Sri Lanka | 0.0375 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 225.5% | volatile |
| 60 | Finland | 0.0369 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 61 | Tunisia | 0.0354 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.5% | volatile |
| 62 | Vietnam | 0.034 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 470.5% | volatile |
| 63 | Iran | 0.034 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Seychelles | 0.033 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Thailand | 0.0326 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 126.7% | volatile |
| 66 | New Zealand | 0.0307 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 67 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0305 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 393.8% | volatile |
| 68 | Armenia | 0.0284 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 69 | Latvia | 0.0279 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Ukraine | 0.0267 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 116.4% | rising |
| 71 | Pakistan | 0.0266 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 198.7% | volatile |
| 72 | Andorra | 0.0236 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 110.4% | volatile |
| 73 | Egypt | 0.023 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 173.0% | volatile |
| 74 | Morocco | 0.0218 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 383.2% | volatile |
| 75 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0211 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Indonesia | 0.0206 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1,358.4% | volatile |
| 77 | North Macedonia | 0.0198 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Montenegro | 0.0189 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 79 | Azerbaijan | 0.0187 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 229.4% | volatile |
| 80 | Rwanda | 0.0176 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 629.1% | volatile |
| 81 | Philippines | 0.0159 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 405.6% | volatile |
| 82 | Jamaica | 0.0149 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.4% | rising |
| 83 | Ghana | 0.0144 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 476.2% | volatile |
| 84 | Ecuador | 0.0142 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1,301.7% | volatile |
| 85 | Tuvalu | 0.014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.3% | volatile |
| 86 | Costa Rica | 0.0129 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 147.1% | volatile |
| 87 | South Africa | 0.0123 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.6% | rising |
| 88 | Fiji | 0.0119 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 160.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Cuba | 0.0117 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.5% | rising |
| 90 | Albania | 0.0117 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.2% | volatile |
| 91 | Chile | 0.0115 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.3% | volatile |
| 92 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0114 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 253.9% | volatile |
| 93 | Nepal | 0.0111 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 288.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Palau | 0.011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Nigeria | 0.0108 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 223.0% | volatile |
| 96 | Uzbekistan | 0.0105 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1,226.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Moldova | 0.0102 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | rising |
| 98 | Mexico | 0.0098 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 99 | Georgia | 0.0093 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.6% | rising |
| 100 | Colombia | 0.0083 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 112.3% | volatile |
| 101 | Gambia | 0.0079 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.9% | rising |
| 102 | Samoa | 0.0079 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 403.2% | volatile |
| 103 | Canada | 0.0073 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 104 | Iceland | 0.0071 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 105 | Uganda | 0.0071 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 205.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Australia | 0.0071 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 107 | Belarus | 0.007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 108 | Brazil | 0.007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.7% | volatile |
| 109 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0069 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 110 | Tonga | 0.0067 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 197.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Nauru | 0.0065 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.8% | volatile |
| 112 | Uruguay | 0.0061 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Ethiopia | 0.006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 797.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Micronesia (country) | 0.0053 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.9% | volatile |
| 115 | Oman | 0.0053 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 151.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Russia | 0.0052 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.2% | rising |
| 117 | Marshall Islands | 0.0051 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Dominica | 0.0049 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 69.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0049 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2,843.8% | volatile |
| 120 | Cape Verde | 0.0046 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 141.3% | volatile |
| 121 | Comoros | 0.0043 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 655.7% | volatile |
| 122 | Saint Lucia | 0.0042 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.4% | volatile |
| 123 | Peru | 0.0041 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 702.3% | volatile |
| 124 | Malawi | 0.004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 179.5% | volatile |
| 125 | Benin | 0.0039 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 146.7% | volatile |
| 126 | Panama | 0.0038 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.2% | volatile |
| 127 | Kenya | 0.0036 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 144.6% | volatile |
| 128 | Syria | 0.0035 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 167.3% | volatile |
| 129 | Cameroon | 0.0033 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 236.0% | volatile |
| 130 | Algeria | 0.0032 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 131.4% | volatile |
| 131 | Argentina | 0.0031 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 132 | El Salvador | 0.0031 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 322.2% | volatile |
| 133 | Bhutan | 0.0027 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 263.3% | volatile |
| 134 | Kiribati | 0.0026 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 103.8% | volatile |
| 135 | Senegal | 0.0025 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.4% | rising |
| 136 | Togo | 0.0025 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 143.8% | volatile |
| 137 | North Korea | 0.0022 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3,171.9% | volatile |
| 138 | Dominican Republic | 0.0022 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 170.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Lesotho | 0.002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 300.7% | volatile |
| 140 | Burkina Faso | 0.0019 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 227.3% | volatile |
| 141 | Eswatini | 0.0018 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.6% | volatile |
| 142 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0017 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 488.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Tanzania | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 267.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Bahamas | 0.0015 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 145 | Kazakhstan | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 536.2% | volatile |
| 146 | Burundi | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 164.5% | volatile |
| 147 | East Timor | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 229.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Haiti | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.7% | volatile |
| 149 | Zimbabwe | 0.0013 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 151.5% | rising |
| 150 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 157.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Sierra Leone | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 492.0% | volatile |
| 152 | Honduras | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 566.8% | volatile |
| 153 | Tajikistan | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 186.7% | volatile |
| 154 | Cambodia | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 135.6% | volatile |
| 155 | Guatemala | 0.001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Vanuatu | 0.001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.2% | rising |
| 157 | Belize | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 148.6% | volatile |
| 158 | Yemen | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 252.5% | volatile |
| 159 | Djibouti | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 171.0% | volatile |
| 160 | Botswana | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 132.7% | rising |
| 161 | Paraguay | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 357.4% | volatile |
| 162 | Venezuela | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 58.7% | falling |
| 163 | Solomon Islands | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 270.1% | volatile |
| 164 | Zambia | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 209.3% | volatile |
| 165 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 166 | Myanmar | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 577.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Gabon | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.1% | rising |
| 168 | Nicaragua | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 169 | Liberia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 811.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Laos | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.1% | volatile |
| 171 | Namibia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 181.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Congo | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.5% | rising |
| 173 | Madagascar | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 174 | Mozambique | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 196.6% | volatile |
| 175 | Afghanistan | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 518.3% | volatile |
| 176 | Sudan | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.5% | rising |
| 177 | Libya | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 126.0% | volatile |
| 178 | Somalia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2,307.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Eritrea | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 182.9% | volatile |
| 180 | Guyana | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 263.0% | volatile |
| 181 | Guinea | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 422.4% | volatile |
| 182 | Bolivia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 123.6% | volatile |
| 183 | Mongolia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Suriname | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.4% | volatile |
| 185 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.1% | flat |
| 186 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 187 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 280.4% | volatile |
| 188 | Mali | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 90.0% | volatile |
| 189 | Greenland | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 190 | Niger | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 189.9% | volatile |
| 191 | Turkmenistan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 435.2% | volatile |
| 192 | Mauritania | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 219.3% | volatile |
| 193 | Chad | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 930.7% | volatile |
| 194 | Central African Republic | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.5% | rising |
| 195 | Angola | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 115.9% | volatile |
| 196 | South Sudan | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.7% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.