Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income

Lower middle income: Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity was 0.84 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.84 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.6%
Rank
24th
of 36 groups
All-time high
0.84 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.6083 GPIA
in 1975
Years of data
45
1975–2019

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income, 1975–2019

00.20.40.60.81975199720191975: 0.608 GPIA1976: 0.609 GPIA1977: 0.613 GPIA1978: 0.618 GPIA1979: 0.623 GPIA1980: 0.628 GPIA1981: 0.633 GPIA1982: 0.639 GPIA1983: 0.644 GPIA1984: 0.65 GPIA1985: 0.656 GPIA1986: 0.659 GPIA1987: 0.667 GPIA1988: 0.659 GPIA1989: 0.665 GPIA1990: 0.672 GPIA1991: 0.681 GPIA1992: 0.682 GPIA1993: 0.684 GPIA1994: 0.691 GPIA1995: 0.699 GPIA1996: 0.706 GPIA1997: 0.712 GPIA1998: 0.72 GPIA1999: 0.727 GPIA2000: 0.728 GPIA2001: 0.735 GPIA2002: 0.742 GPIA2003: 0.745 GPIA2004: 0.751 GPIA2005: 0.742 GPIA2006: 0.765 GPIA2007: 0.76 GPIA2008: 0.765 GPIA2009: 0.77 GPIA2010: 0.793 GPIA2011: 0.801 GPIA2012: 0.804 GPIA2013: 0.808 GPIA2014: 0.816 GPIA2015: 0.821 GPIA2016: 0.827 GPIA2017: 0.833 GPIA2018: 0.835 GPIA2019: 0.84 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

In 2019, adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income stood at 0.84 GPIA. That is the highest value across all 45 years on record.

The figure is up 0.6% on the previous year and up 9.1% over ten years.

Over the whole period, adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income peaked at 0.84 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.6083 GPIA, in 1975.

Lower middle income ranks 24th of 36 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 45 years of available data.

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income, year by year

Annual values for Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Lower middle income, 1975 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1975 0.6083 GPIA
1976 0.6093 GPIA +0.2%
1977 0.6132 GPIA +0.6%
1978 0.6179 GPIA +0.8%
1979 0.623 GPIA +0.8%
1980 0.6282 GPIA +0.8%
1981 0.6325 GPIA +0.7%
1982 0.6387 GPIA +1.0%
1983 0.6441 GPIA +0.8%
1984 0.6499 GPIA +0.9%
1985 0.6557 GPIA +0.9%
1986 0.6593 GPIA +0.5%
1987 0.6671 GPIA +1.2%
1988 0.6589 GPIA -1.2%
1989 0.6654 GPIA +1.0%
1990 0.6716 GPIA +0.9%
1991 0.6814 GPIA +1.5%
1992 0.6819 GPIA +0.1%
1993 0.6842 GPIA +0.3%
1994 0.6914 GPIA +1.1%
1995 0.6985 GPIA +1.0%
1996 0.7058 GPIA +1.0%
1997 0.7121 GPIA +0.9%
1998 0.7202 GPIA +1.1%
1999 0.7268 GPIA +0.9%
2000 0.7281 GPIA +0.2%
2001 0.735 GPIA +0.9%
2002 0.742 GPIA +1.0%
2003 0.745 GPIA +0.4%
2004 0.7505 GPIA +0.7%
2005 0.7423 GPIA -1.1%
2006 0.7652 GPIA +3.1%
2007 0.7598 GPIA -0.7%
2008 0.7646 GPIA +0.6%
2009 0.7698 GPIA +0.7%
2010 0.7935 GPIA +3.1%
2011 0.8008 GPIA +0.9%
2012 0.8036 GPIA +0.4%
2013 0.8078 GPIA +0.5%
2014 0.8162 GPIA +1.0%
2015 0.8208 GPIA +0.6%
2016 0.8266 GPIA +0.7%
2017 0.8328 GPIA +0.7%
2018 0.8354 GPIA +0.3%
2019 0.84 GPIA +0.6%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.6143 GPIA 0.6083 GPIA 0.623 GPIA 5
1980s 0.65 GPIA 0.6282 GPIA 0.6671 GPIA 10
1990s 0.6974 GPIA 0.6716 GPIA 0.7268 GPIA 10
2000s 0.7502 GPIA 0.7281 GPIA 0.7698 GPIA 10
2010s 0.8178 GPIA 0.7935 GPIA 0.84 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Lower middle income

  1. 21 Namibia 0.9979 GPIA compare
  2. 22 Republic of Moldova 0.9954 GPIA compare
  3. 23 Albania 0.9924 GPIA compare
  4. 24 Jordan 0.9921 GPIA compare
  5. 25 Spain 0.9904 GPIA compare
  6. 26 Paraguay 0.9896 GPIA compare
  7. 27 Greece 0.9887 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 124 places →

More reference data data for Lower middle income

All data for Lower middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income?
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income was 0.84 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Lower middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.84 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Lower middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.6083 GPIA in 1975.
How does Lower middle income rank for adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity?
Lower middle income ranks 24th out of 36 groups with data for 2019.
Is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity rising or falling in Lower middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 9.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Lower middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 03 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/adult-literacy-rate-population-15-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/lower-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
124 places, 2,183 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/