Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats in Manchester
Manchester: Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats was 60.79 Percentage of area in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats in Manchester, 2001–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of area.
Analysis
In 2023, wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats in Manchester stood at 60.79 Percentage of area.
That represents a change of down 39.2% on the previous year and down 39.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats in Manchester peaked at 100 Percentage of area in 2020 and was at its lowest, 0 Percentage of area, in 2001.
That places Manchester 119th out of 1324 regions with data for 2023, putting it in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 49.33 Percentage of area | 0 Percentage of area | 99.94 Percentage of area | 9 |
| 2010s | 46.99 Percentage of area | 0 Percentage of area | 99.94 Percentage of area | 10 |
| 2020s | 73.07 Percentage of area | 31.51 Percentage of area | 100 Percentage of area | 4 |
More reference data data for Manchester
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree 0.7188 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in cooling -4.64 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs 2,052 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating -365.73 Degree days (2025)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Extreme precipitation days 3.65 Days per year (2024)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation 0.7492 Days per year (2024)
- Dependency ratio - Cities and FUAs 23.9 Percentage of population aged 15-64 years (2024)
- Coastal flooding - Cities and FUAs — Built-up area exposure to 0 Percentage of built-up area (2022)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs — Downloading speed 14 Percentage of national value (2025)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs — Uploading speed 8.9 Percentage of national value (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats in Manchester?
- Wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats in Manchester was 60.79 Percentage of area in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats recorded in Manchester?
- The highest recorded value was 100 Percentage of area in 2020.
- What is the lowest wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats recorded in Manchester?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 Percentage of area in 2001.
- How does Manchester rank for wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats?
- Manchester ranks 119th out of 1324 regions with data for 2023.
- Is wind threats - cities and fuas — exposure to wind threats rising or falling in Manchester?
- Over the last ten years it is down 39.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Manchester data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
<p align="justify">This dataset provides statistics on wind threats, in Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) and Cities.</p> <h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p align="justify">Wind threats are here defined as violent storms or worse (wind gust > 28.6 m/s). Areas are classified as exposed to violent storms or worse if at least once the hourly instantenous wind gust exceeds 28.6 m/s in the year.</p> <p align="justify"> These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. </p> <h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in <a href=https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/cities_local_areas/fua_cities_sau_mapping.parquet>parquet </a> and <a href=https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/cities_local_areas/fua_cities_sau_mapping.csv>csv</a> format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p> <h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database Wind threats - Cities and FUAs, <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>