{"entity":{"iso2":"TO","iso3":"TON","name":"Tonga","slug":"tonga"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.0},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":12.2177},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":12.3289},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":13.0333},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":22.6925},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":7.26125},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":17.6175},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":15.2206},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":26.6486},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":6.43507},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":43.8576},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":16.4908},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":4.29826},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":22.2942},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":11.9181},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":18.1277},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":17.0296},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":15.2225},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":8.25446},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":27.1455},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":31.6516},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":74.8889},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":63.751},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":44.3839},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":55.8162},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":34.79},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":40.1744},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":46.3684}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":46.3684,"max":74.8889,"mean":25.3542,"min":0.0,"of":196,"rank":121,"trend":"volatile"}}