{"entity":{"iso2":"TG","iso3":"TGO","name":"Togo","slug":"togo"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":5.28065},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":4.88421},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":8.6057},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":8.87959},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":6.39878},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":5.39952},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":4.02218},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":5.04452},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":4.56325},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":4.61468},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":5.34144},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":5.12313},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":7.37011},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":6.91084},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":7.88518},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":7.46856},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":6.60533},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":8.20286},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":10.8207},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":9.69384},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":9.05306},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":9.28952},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":11.0429},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":13.0566},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":14.1088},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":15.5012},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":18.9153},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":16.53}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":16.53,"max":18.9153,"mean":8.59329,"min":4.02218,"of":196,"rank":153,"trend":"rising"}}