{"entity":{"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","slug":"spain"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":529.513},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":568.363},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":569.936},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":594.248},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":616.268},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":647.658},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":675.148},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":692.794},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":739.522},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":820.25},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":881.504},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":927.222},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":950.587},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1006.61},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1036.83},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1094.99},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1139.55},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1141.85},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1169.78},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1148.16},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1159.97},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1158.24},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1168.74},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1214.42},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":1269.76},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1341.0},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1282.17},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1247.17}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":1247.17,"max":1341.0,"mean":956.866,"min":529.513,"of":196,"rank":29,"trend":"rising"}}