{"entity":{"iso2":"ZA","iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":86.9931},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":85.9335},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":86.637},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":86.5611},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":84.0664},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":87.3883},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":93.3398},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":89.7499},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":100.89},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":106.015},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":116.317},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":118.181},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":123.967},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":137.595},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":144.755},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":155.513},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":166.364},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":174.621},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":181.434},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":191.962},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":208.788},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":222.255},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":225.76},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":246.529},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":252.776},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":251.672},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":254.588},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":236.489}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":236.489,"max":254.588,"mean":154.184,"min":84.0664,"of":196,"rank":73,"trend":"rising"}}