{"entity":{"iso2":"SA","iso3":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","slug":"saudi-arabia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":120.051},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":118.064},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":114.547},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":100.48},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":98.6369},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":92.9724},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":92.9802},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":94.203},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":89.9673},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":87.0126},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":88.7184},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":90.9174},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":95.7283},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":117.57},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":148.962},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":187.998},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":216.479},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":251.582},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":278.828},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":288.437},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":292.604},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":315.212},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":342.079},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":408.783},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":510.225},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":643.538},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":711.772},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":729.757}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":729.757,"max":729.757,"mean":240.289,"min":87.0126,"of":196,"rank":45,"trend":"volatile"}}