{"entity":{"iso2":"PA","iso3":"PAN","name":"Panama","slug":"panama"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":23.6995},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":16.5474},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":16.9874},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":17.1284},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":14.2009},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":19.2993},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":17.125},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":19.8413},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":19.4577},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":22.982},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":24.0087},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":27.4648},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":32.0284},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":32.7154},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":32.3078},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":34.3684},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":40.4548},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":39.2646},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":42.0493},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":40.6916},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":37.9739},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":43.1941},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":40.2557},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":62.5829},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":58.1213},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":64.9076},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":84.2738},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":63.2485}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":63.2485,"max":84.2738,"mean":35.2565,"min":14.2009,"of":196,"rank":111,"trend":"rising"}}