{"entity":{"iso2":"ML","iso3":"MLI","name":"Mali","slug":"mali"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":3.04787},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":2.01475},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":3.70619},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":2.00224},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.38503},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":2.38328},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":2.67414},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":2.74814},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":2.59876},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":3.0232},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":4.61825},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":4.65632},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":4.40941},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":4.35942},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":4.46153},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":5.15391},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":5.00323},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":3.51726},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":3.80128},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":3.49002},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":3.80694},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":4.9306},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":4.00156},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":4.43128},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":5.52873},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":6.14017},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":6.28883},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":4.90763}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":4.90763,"max":6.28883,"mean":3.89607,"min":1.38503,"of":196,"rank":184,"trend":"rising"}}