{"entity":{"iso2":"KZ","iso3":"KAZ","name":"Kazakhstan","slug":"kazakhstan"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":13.993},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":10.3813},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":13.5425},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":10.5869},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":12.4488},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":13.1238},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":14.7107},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":16.1195},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":15.1834},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":15.6355},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":14.3141},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":13.9329},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":14.3457},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":16.2125},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":19.1295},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":22.2015},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":25.1611},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":34.1902},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":49.2836},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":59.4902},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":76.8509},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":87.6547},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":100.056},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":122.065},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":144.731},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":149.436},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":160.282},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":187.829}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":187.829,"max":187.829,"mean":51.1747,"min":10.3813,"of":196,"rank":81,"trend":"volatile"}}