{"entity":{"iso2":"IQ","iso3":"IRQ","name":"Iraq","slug":"iraq"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":3.39142},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":3.59253},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":2.97058},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":2.56594},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":3.76596},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":3.53641},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":3.97246},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":4.43762},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":3.33564},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":4.79663},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":8.59574},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":8.44898},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":10.5298},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":12.0337},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":17.0035},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":17.9684},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":24.2964},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":22.1898},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":20.9742},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":21.427},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":29.933},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":48.2069},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":77.4549},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":133.744},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":162.272},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":201.748},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":279.696},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":371.036}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":371.036,"max":371.036,"mean":53.7115,"min":2.56594,"of":196,"rank":61,"trend":"volatile"}}