{"entity":{"iso2":"GH","iso3":"GHA","name":"Ghana","slug":"ghana"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":7.0179},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":7.43957},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":6.95739},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":6.74208},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":7.08608},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":5.81443},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":7.18207},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":6.95319},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":7.89499},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":8.2247},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":7.93422},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":9.84338},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":10.2932},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":12.2867},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":13.7142},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":15.4424},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":18.7037},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":20.7207},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":21.5052},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":26.6078},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":33.6911},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":36.5148},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":43.2107},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":52.8873},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":65.5495},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":78.784},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":89.6865},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":96.776}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":96.776,"max":96.776,"mean":25.9094,"min":5.81443,"of":196,"rank":107,"trend":"volatile"}}