{"entity":{"iso2":"FR","iso3":"FRA","name":"France","slug":"france"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":780.036},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":824.047},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":825.25},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":813.372},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":820.881},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":827.873},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":820.36},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":836.824},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":854.487},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":916.496},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":953.964},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":959.988},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":995.214},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1023.94},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1027.91},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1053.23},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1072.34},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1082.99},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1074.06},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1065.05},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1052.72},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1033.18},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":999.393},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":981.979},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":970.408},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":997.753},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":956.197},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":909.44}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":909.44,"max":1082.99,"mean":947.478,"min":780.036,"of":196,"rank":37,"trend":"rising"}}