{"entity":{"iso2":"BW","iso3":"BWA","name":"Botswana","slug":"botswana"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":48.4988},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":46.485},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":54.6332},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":54.0927},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":66.6992},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":59.8509},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":67.2011},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":67.7691},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":73.8291},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":65.9174},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":98.6815},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":79.4893},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":83.9141},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":84.2228},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":79.4497},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":80.8812},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":74.3331},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":77.0549},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":91.7062},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":71.3302},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":103.169},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":103.399},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":122.915},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":129.524},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":134.955},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":157.139},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":160.257},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":154.759}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":154.759,"max":160.257,"mean":89.0056,"min":46.485,"of":196,"rank":91,"trend":"rising"}}