{"entity":{"iso2":"BJ","iso3":"BEN","name":"Benin","slug":"benin"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":4.46036},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":6.97971},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":5.93565},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":6.06899},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":6.29776},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":5.75777},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":5.82769},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":5.86624},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":7.45671},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":7.23225},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":8.53767},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":10.3976},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":9.72968},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":12.2773},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":10.6752},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":12.7586},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":13.3828},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":16.549},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":16.0907},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":15.0774},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":14.3804},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":16.6996},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":17.6721},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":24.696},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":26.8857},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":29.9931},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":32.0833},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":30.9807}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":30.9807,"max":32.0833,"mean":13.5982,"min":4.46036,"of":196,"rank":137,"trend":"volatile"}}