{"entity":{"iso2":"BH","iso3":"BHR","name":"Bahrain","slug":"bahrain"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"scientific-publications-per-million","source":"National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026); United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scientific-publications-per-million","title":"Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people","unit":"articles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":161.749},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":120.927},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":150.32},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":144.914},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":134.147},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":126.657},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":97.1075},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":168.485},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":166.594},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":174.231},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":187.511},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":164.766},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":142.484},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":157.661},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":171.309},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":150.533},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":128.986},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":185.088},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":153.777},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":126.27},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":161.267},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":169.501},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":212.389},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":302.462},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":382.882},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":442.286},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":402.488},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":455.468}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":455.468,"max":455.468,"mean":197.938,"min":97.1075,"of":196,"rank":56,"trend":"rising"}}