Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland
Sunderland: Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation was 1.63 Days per year in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland, 1981–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Days per year.
Analysis
Sunderland recorded 1.63 Days per year for precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation in 2024.
The figure is up 280.6% on the previous year and up 310.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland peaked at 3.63 Days per year in 2012 and was at its lowest, -1.77 Days per year, in 1982.
Sunderland ranks 543rd of 1314 regions on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland, year by year
| Year | Days per year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 1.63 Days per year | — |
| 1982 | -1.77 Days per year | -209.0% |
| 1983 | -0.7733 Days per year | -56.4% |
| 1984 | 0.2267 Days per year | -129.3% |
| 1985 | -0.7733 Days per year | -441.2% |
| 1986 | 1.83 Days per year | -336.1% |
| 1987 | -0.7733 Days per year | -142.3% |
| 1988 | -0.7733 Days per year | -0.0% |
| 1989 | -1.77 Days per year | +129.3% |
| 1990 | -0.7733 Days per year | -56.4% |
| 1991 | -1.77 Days per year | +129.3% |
| 1992 | 1.03 Days per year | -157.9% |
| 1993 | 1.23 Days per year | +19.5% |
| 1994 | -1.57 Days per year | -228.3% |
| 1995 | 1.63 Days per year | -203.4% |
| 1996 | -0.7733 Days per year | -147.5% |
| 1997 | -0.7728 Days per year | -0.1% |
| 1998 | 0.0264 Days per year | -103.4% |
| 1999 | -1.37 Days per year | -5307.7% |
| 2000 | 0.8271 Days per year | -160.2% |
| 2001 | -0.5735 Days per year | -169.3% |
| 2002 | 0.2267 Days per year | -139.5% |
| 2003 | -1.77 Days per year | -882.3% |
| 2004 | 0.2267 Days per year | -112.8% |
| 2005 | 3.23 Days per year | +1323.3% |
| 2006 | -1.77 Days per year | -155.0% |
| 2007 | -0.7733 Days per year | -56.4% |
| 2008 | 3.23 Days per year | -517.2% |
| 2009 | 1.43 Days per year | -55.8% |
| 2010 | 1.83 Days per year | +28.0% |
| 2011 | -0.7733 Days per year | -142.3% |
| 2012 | 3.63 Days per year | -569.1% |
| 2013 | 0.8271 Days per year | -77.2% |
| 2014 | -0.7733 Days per year | -193.5% |
| 2015 | 1.43 Days per year | -284.5% |
| 2016 | -0.5735 Days per year | -140.2% |
| 2017 | 1.23 Days per year | -313.9% |
| 2018 | 0.0269 Days per year | -97.8% |
| 2019 | -0.9731 Days per year | -3721.7% |
| 2020 | 2.23 Days per year | -328.8% |
| 2021 | 1.63 Days per year | -26.9% |
| 2022 | -0.7733 Days per year | -147.5% |
| 2023 | 0.4275 Days per year | -155.3% |
| 2024 | 1.63 Days per year | +280.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.3289 Days per year | -1.77 Days per year | 1.83 Days per year | 9 |
| 1990s | -0.3134 Days per year | -1.77 Days per year | 1.63 Days per year | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.4267 Days per year | -1.77 Days per year | 3.23 Days per year | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.5869 Days per year | -0.9731 Days per year | 3.63 Days per year | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.03 Days per year | -0.7733 Days per year | 2.23 Days per year | 5 |
More reference data data for Sunderland
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree 1.28 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in cooling -2.84 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs 1,904 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating -424.03 Degree days (2025)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Extreme precipitation days 3.4 Days per year (2024)
- Dependency ratio - Cities and FUAs 32.9 Percentage of population aged 15-64 years (2024)
- Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats 0 Percentage of area (2023)
- Coastal flooding - Cities and FUAs — Built-up area exposure to 0 Percentage of built-up area (2022)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs — Downloading speed 12.1 Percentage of national value (2025)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs — Uploading speed 19.2 Percentage of national value (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland?
- Precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation in Sunderland was 1.63 Days per year in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation recorded in Sunderland?
- The highest recorded value was 3.63 Days per year in 2012.
- What is the lowest precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation recorded in Sunderland?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.77 Days per year in 1982.
- How does Sunderland rank for precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation?
- Sunderland ranks 543rd out of 1314 regions with data for 2024.
- Is precipitation - cities and fuas — change in extreme precipitation rising or falling in Sunderland?
- Over the last ten years it is up 310.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Sunderland data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation days from 1981-2010 period. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 44 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of total precipitation and extreme precipitation days in Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) and cities. Data sources and methodology The indicators use ERA5-Land data. Total precipitation is the sum of all liquid and frozen water—such as rain and snow—that reaches the Earth's surface each year. It excludes fog, dew, and any precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground. Extreme precipitation days are defined as days with more than 20 mm of total precipitation. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Precipitations - FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org