{"entity":{"iso2":"KZ","iso3":"KAZ","name":"Kazakhstan","slug":"kazakhstan"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"palma-ratio-wid","source":"World Inequality Database (WID.world) (2026) \u2013 with major processing by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/palma-ratio-wid","title":"Palma ratio (before tax)","unit":null},"observations":[{"date":"1993-01-01","value":2.75703},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":4.05362},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":4.83315},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":4.991},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":4.57249},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":3.44541},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":3.9707},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":4.02744},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":3.61837},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":3.78585},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":4.09198},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":3.94847},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":3.45709},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":3.55595},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":3.5106},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":3.21375},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.86043},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":3.67575},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":3.73694},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":3.79025}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2018-01-01","latest_value":3.79025,"max":4.991,"mean":3.79481,"min":2.75703,"of":113,"rank":67,"trend":"falling"}}