Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria

Nigeria: Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas was 31.2% in 2024. ▬ Flat

Latest (2024)
31.2%
Change on year
unchanged
World rank
19th
of 175 countries
All-time high
31.2%
in 2023
All-time low
30.3%
in 2000
Years of data
25
2000–2024

Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria, 2000–2024

01020302000201220242000: 30.3 %2001: 30.3 %2002: 30.4 %2003: 30.4 %2004: 30.5 %2005: 30.5 %2006: 30.5 %2007: 30.6 %2008: 30.6 %2009: 30.7 %2010: 30.7 %2011: 30.7 %2012: 30.8 %2013: 30.8 %2014: 30.9 %2015: 30.9 %2016: 31 %2017: 31 %2018: 31 %2019: 31.1 %2020: 31.1 %2021: 31.2 %2022: 31.2 %2023: 31.2 %2024: 31.2 %

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in %.

Analysis

In 2024, open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria stood at 31.2%. That is the highest value across all 25 years on record.

The figure is up 1.2% over ten years.

Over the whole period, open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria peaked at 31.2% in 2023 and was at its lowest, 30.3%, in 2000.

Nigeria ranks 19th of 175 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.

Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria, year by year

Annual values for Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria, 2000 to 2024.
Year % Change
2000 30.3% —
2001 30.3% +0.1%
2002 30.4% +0.1%
2003 30.4% +0.1%
2004 30.5% +0.1%
2005 30.5% +0.1%
2006 30.5% +0.1%
2007 30.6% +0.1%
2008 30.6% +0.1%
2009 30.7% +0.1%
2010 30.7% +0.1%
2011 30.7% +0.1%
2012 30.8% +0.1%
2013 30.8% +0.1%
2014 30.9% +0.1%
2015 30.9% +0.1%
2016 31.0% +0.1%
2017 31.0% +0.1%
2018 31.0% +0.1%
2019 31.1% +0.1%
2020 31.1% +0.1%
2021 31.2% +0.1%
2022 31.2% +0.1%
2023 31.2% +0.1%
2024 31.2% +0.0%

Nigeria compared with similar countries

  • Nigeria's 31.2% is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 11.0%, 2.8× the median. (44 countries reporting)
  • Nigeria's 31.2% is above the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 19.7%, 1.6× the median. (47 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 30.5% 30.3% 30.7% 10
2010s 30.9% 30.7% 31.1% 10
2020s 31.2% 31.1% 31.2% 5

Countries ranked near Nigeria

  1. 16 Madagascar 36.5% compare
  2. 17 Mauritania 36.3% compare
  3. 18 Haiti 31.5% compare
  4. 20 Cote d'Ivoire 31.0% compare
  5. 21 Ghana 30.8% compare
  6. 22 Somalia 26.4% compare

See the full ranking of 175 places →

More reference data data for Nigeria

All data for Nigeria →

Frequently asked questions

What is open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria?
Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria was 31.2% in 2024, according to WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data.
What is the highest open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas recorded in Nigeria?
The highest recorded value was 31.2% in 2023.
What is the lowest open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas recorded in Nigeria?
The lowest recorded value was 30.3% in 2000.
How does Nigeria rank for open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas?
Nigeria ranks 19th out of 175 countries with data for 2024.
Is open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas rising or falling in Nigeria?
Over the last ten years it is up 1.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
Where does this Nigeria data come from?
The figures come from WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas in Nigeria. Statizoid, drawing on WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data. Retrieved 29 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/open-defecation-in-rural-areas-vs-urban-areas/nigeria/

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About this data

Indicator
Open defecation in rural areas vs. urban areas
Unit
%
Source
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
175 places, 4,232 data points, 2000–2024
Last refreshed

Share of people who practice open defecation. This includes defecating in fields, forests, bushes, bodies of water or other open spaces, not using any sanitation facilities.