{"entity":{"iso2":"IT","iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","slug":"italy"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"new-books-per-million","source":"Jonathan Fink-Jensen, IISH Data Collection (2015) \u2013 with minor processing by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/new-books-per-million","title":"Number of new book titles published per million people","unit":"book titles per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1500-01-01","value":65.3},{"date":"1501-01-01","value":33.8227},{"date":"1502-01-01","value":49.3557},{"date":"1503-01-01","value":41.2177},{"date":"1504-01-01","value":30.0585},{"date":"1505-01-01","value":33.643},{"date":"1506-01-01","value":34.1572},{"date":"1507-01-01","value":32.6407},{"date":"1508-01-01","value":33.3564},{"date":"1509-01-01","value":30.0361},{"date":"1510-01-01","value":31.9606},{"date":"1511-01-01","value":28.0613},{"date":"1512-01-01","value":30.5797},{"date":"1513-01-01","value":34.8771},{"date":"1514-01-01","value":38.5537},{"date":"1515-01-01","value":42.4072},{"date":"1516-01-01","value":45.2504},{"date":"1517-01-01","value":46.6979},{"date":"1518-01-01","value":44.6001},{"date":"1519-01-01","value":45.2568},{"date":"1520-01-01","value":44.1511},{"date":"1521-01-01","value":52.7915},{"date":"1522-01-01","value":41.9575},{"date":"1523-01-01","value":35.6398},{"date":"1524-01-01","value":37.6629},{"date":"1525-01-01","value":36.9779},{"date":"1526-01-01","value":35.9123},{"date":"1527-01-01","value":22.5967},{"date":"1528-01-01","value":20.05},{"date":"1529-01-01","value":23.0394},{"date":"1530-01-01","value":24.3029},{"date":"1531-01-01","value":25.3696},{"date":"1532-01-01","value":26.0525},{"date":"1533-01-01","value":36.5203},{"date":"1534-01-01","value":32.8497},{"date":"1535-01-01","value":40.992},{"date":"1536-01-01","value":37.889},{"date":"1537-01-01","value":33.8727},{"date":"1538-01-01","value":39.9005},{"date":"1539-01-01","value":37.9363},{"date":"1540-01-01","value":42.0724},{"date":"1541-01-01","value":32.7525},{"date":"1542-01-01","value":45.3193},{"date":"1543-01-01","value":49.0323},{"date":"1544-01-01","value":60.2036},{"date":"1545-01-01","value":66.0354},{"date":"1546-01-01","value":57.1403},{"date":"1547-01-01","value":59.8717},{"date":"1548-01-01","value":66.7354},{"date":"1549-01-01","value":71.941},{"date":"1550-01-01","value":95.5883},{"date":"1551-01-01","value":82.4404},{"date":"1552-01-01","value":81.314},{"date":"1553-01-01","value":65.9684},{"date":"1554-01-01","value":74.2913},{"date":"1555-01-01","value":73.7261},{"date":"1556-01-01","value":76.1606},{"date":"1557-01-01","value":63.638},{"date":"1558-01-01","value":72.5721},{"date":"1559-01-01","value":76.5606},{"date":"1560-01-01","value":97.2583},{"date":"1561-01-01","value":74.3871},{"date":"1562-01-01","value":106.41},{"date":"1563-01-01","value":92.6279},{"date":"1564-01-01","value":97.0168},{"date":"1565-01-01","value":96.9123},{"date":"1566-01-01","value":87.3839},{"date":"1567-01-01","value":78.4216},{"date":"1568-01-01","value":78.7094},{"date":"1569-01-01","value":78.3153},{"date":"1570-01-01","value":96.7261},{"date":"1571-01-01","value":80.5726},{"date":"1572-01-01","value":92.8073},{"date":"1573-01-01","value":73.9},{"date":"1574-01-01","value":98.9785},{"date":"1575-01-01","value":99.6986},{"date":"1576-01-01","value":77.7666},{"date":"1577-01-01","value":50.313},{"date":"1578-01-01","value":64.7405},{"date":"1579-01-01","value":62.0796},{"date":"1580-01-01","value":91.2078},{"date":"1581-01-01","value":96.6939},{"date":"1582-01-01","value":90.8528},{"date":"1583-01-01","value":96.144},{"date":"1584-01-01","value":112.798},{"date":"1585-01-01","value":118.644},{"date":"1586-01-01","value":132.872},{"date":"1587-01-01","value":118.131},{"date":"1588-01-01","value":124.07},{"date":"1589-01-01","value":102.055},{"date":"1590-01-01","value":98.8839},{"date":"1591-01-01","value":100.198},{"date":"1592-01-01","value":84.1619},{"date":"1593-01-01","value":77.2592},{"date":"1594-01-01","value":75.1409},{"date":"1595-01-01","value":72.7186},{"date":"1596-01-01","value":89.8136},{"date":"1597-01-01","value":77.324},{"date":"1598-01-01","value":76.3218},{"date":"1599-01-01","value":80.4711},{"date":"1600-01-01","value":96.7258},{"date":"1601-01-01","value":71.8392},{"date":"1602-01-01","value":80.3854},{"date":"1603-01-01","value":68.2525},{"date":"1604-01-01","value":60.9408},{"date":"1605-01-01","value":69.0196},{"date":"1606-01-01","value":111.604},{"date":"1607-01-01","value":83.6193},{"date":"1608-01-01","value":72.4232},{"date":"1609-01-01","value":68.3773},{"date":"1610-01-01","value":68.6829},{"date":"1611-01-01","value":57.9566},{"date":"1612-01-01","value":64.4777},{"date":"1613-01-01","value":66.6479},{"date":"1614-01-01","value":62.9146},{"date":"1615-01-01","value":72.8512},{"date":"1616-01-01","value":68.8074},{"date":"1617-01-01","value":69.8894},{"date":"1618-01-01","value":63.5169},{"date":"1619-01-01","value":64.1333},{"date":"1620-01-01","value":69.0973},{"date":"1621-01-01","value":76.5448},{"date":"1622-01-01","value":71.4158},{"date":"1623-01-01","value":64.7351},{"date":"1624-01-01","value":61.7809},{"date":"1625-01-01","value":68.1402},{"date":"1626-01-01","value":67.6694},{"date":"1627-01-01","value":63.7845},{"date":"1628-01-01","value":67.1937},{"date":"1629-01-01","value":71.3783},{"date":"1630-01-01","value":70.1317},{"date":"1631-01-01","value":45.6132},{"date":"1632-01-01","value":51.5049},{"date":"1633-01-01","value":48.5537},{"date":"1634-01-01","value":49.3257},{"date":"1635-01-01","value":48.7016},{"date":"1636-01-01","value":52.8853},{"date":"1637-01-01","value":62.3411},{"date":"1638-01-01","value":63.5769},{"date":"1639-01-01","value":53.9588},{"date":"1640-01-01","value":63.1023},{"date":"1641-01-01","value":55.8111},{"date":"1642-01-01","value":65.4181},{"date":"1643-01-01","value":58.7479},{"date":"1644-01-01","value":62.6184},{"date":"1645-01-01","value":60.7539},{"date":"1646-01-01","value":55.7902},{"date":"1647-01-01","value":65.3936},{"date":"1648-01-01","value":61.9798},{"date":"1649-01-01","value":51.1295},{"date":"1650-01-01","value":67.393},{"date":"1651-01-01","value":57.0086},{"date":"1652-01-01","value":56.2298},{"date":"1653-01-01","value":61.0273},{"date":"1654-01-01","value":58.08},{"date":"1655-01-01","value":57.611},{"date":"1656-01-01","value":70.9244},{"date":"1657-01-01","value":61.3187},{"date":"1658-01-01","value":60.5399},{"date":"1659-01-01","value":66.7283},{"date":"1660-01-01","value":68.2714},{"date":"1661-01-01","value":62.8483},{"date":"1662-01-01","value":59.9026},{"date":"1663-01-01","value":58.0408},{"date":"1664-01-01","value":76.2986},{"date":"1665-01-01","value":69.0196},{"date":"1666-01-01","value":74.8945},{"date":"1667-01-01","value":78.6024},{"date":"1668-01-01","value":78.7513},{"date":"1669-01-01","value":80.9112},{"date":"1670-01-01","value":81.524},{"date":"1671-01-01","value":77.4961},{"date":"1672-01-01","value":80.2744},{"date":"1673-01-01","value":80.423},{"date":"1674-01-01","value":69.9009},{"date":"1675-01-01","value":81.6481},{"date":"1676-01-01","value":71.1275},{"date":"1677-01-01","value":82.5635},{"date":"1678-01-01","value":64.0051},{"date":"1679-01-01","value":82.7057},{"date":"1680-01-01","value":95.2204},{"date":"1681-01-01","value":87.0212},{"date":"1682-01-01","value":80.8325},{"date":"1683-01-01","value":66.1448},{"date":"1684-01-01","value":65.8308},{"date":"1685-01-01","value":75.2516},{"date":"1686-01-01","value":78.7997},{"date":"1687-01-01","value":73.8498},{"date":"1688-01-01","value":82.1865},{"date":"1689-01-01","value":62.7166},{"date":"1690-01-01","value":65.6467},{"date":"1691-01-01","value":71.3565},{"date":"1692-01-01","value":88.0306},{"date":"1693-01-01","value":96.0543},{"date":"1694-01-01","value":80.2966},{"date":"1695-01-01","value":96.3487},{"date":"1696-01-01","value":96.0327},{"date":"1697-01-01","value":94.3273},{"date":"1698-01-01","value":97.8708},{"date":"1699-01-01","value":80.7296},{"date":"1700-01-01","value":81.9584},{"date":"1701-01-01","value":81.1045},{"date":"1702-01-01","value":64.7563},{"date":"1703-01-01","value":41.0053},{"date":"1704-01-01","value":42.2591},{"date":"1705-01-01","value":37.2685},{"date":"1706-01-01","value":35.4917},{"date":"1707-01-01","value":43.5551},{"date":"1708-01-01","value":42.5237},{"date":"1709-01-01","value":40.8966},{"date":"1710-01-01","value":40.4778},{"date":"1711-01-01","value":44.8446},{"date":"1712-01-01","value":46.0556},{"date":"1713-01-01","value":46.5162},{"date":"1714-01-01","value":43.1209},{"date":"1715-01-01","value":40.4838},{"date":"1716-01-01","value":48.7634},{"date":"1717-01-01","value":50.5312},{"date":"1718-01-01","value":46.1368},{"date":"1719-01-01","value":46.4408},{"date":"1720-01-01","value":47.6163},{"date":"1721-01-01","value":44.8644},{"date":"1722-01-01","value":46.7607},{"date":"1723-01-01","value":51.677},{"date":"1724-01-01","value":50.8071},{"date":"1725-01-01","value":45.9235},{"date":"1726-01-01","value":52.3723},{"date":"1727-01-01","value":55.6443},{"date":"1728-01-01","value":65.7255},{"date":"1729-01-01","value":58.1582},{"date":"1730-01-01","value":59.6864},{"date":"1731-01-01","value":56.6923},{"date":"1732-01-01","value":54.6995},{"date":"1733-01-01","value":60.1487},{"date":"1734-01-01","value":61.0922},{"date":"1735-01-01","value":53.945},{"date":"1736-01-01","value":56.0119},{"date":"1737-01-01","value":68.0444},{"date":"1738-01-01","value":71.4392},{"date":"1739-01-01","value":70.4049},{"date":"1740-01-01","value":82.9763},{"date":"1741-01-01","value":79.9955},{"date":"1742-01-01","value":67.0609},{"date":"1743-01-01","value":65.2318},{"date":"1744-01-01","value":71.0167},{"date":"1745-01-01","value":74.6012},{"date":"1746-01-01","value":68.5794},{"date":"1747-01-01","value":71.0721},{"date":"1748-01-01","value":75.4288},{"date":"1749-01-01","value":77.7522},{"date":"1750-01-01","value":88.201},{"date":"1751-01-01","value":87.0916},{"date":"1752-01-01","value":74.727},{"date":"1753-01-01","value":77.6316},{"date":"1754-01-01","value":90.3819},{"date":"1755-01-01","value":78.9195},{"date":"1756-01-01","value":77.3344},{"date":"1757-01-01","value":79.7948},{"date":"1758-01-01","value":88.8522},{"date":"1759-01-01","value":68.8918},{"date":"1760-01-01","value":81.6569},{"date":"1761-01-01","value":84.8337},{"date":"1762-01-01","value":83.5109},{"date":"1763-01-01","value":79.138},{"date":"1764-01-01","value":72.1282},{"date":"1765-01-01","value":75.9226},{"date":"1766-01-01","value":78.1762},{"date":"1767-01-01","value":84.4336},{"date":"1768-01-01","value":83.5094},{"date":"1769-01-01","value":100.431},{"date":"1770-01-01","value":100.325},{"date":"1771-01-01","value":87.4588},{"date":"1772-01-01","value":88.1374},{"date":"1773-01-01","value":86.8421},{"date":"1774-01-01","value":79.0585},{"date":"1775-01-01","value":92.9472},{"date":"1776-01-01","value":85.5599},{"date":"1777-01-01","value":95.8088},{"date":"1778-01-01","value":98.8541},{"date":"1779-01-01","value":86.1015},{"date":"1780-01-01","value":94.9171},{"date":"1781-01-01","value":102.474},{"date":"1782-01-01","value":104.852},{"date":"1783-01-01","value":101.988},{"date":"1784-01-01","value":111.329},{"date":"1785-01-01","value":109.639},{"date":"1786-01-01","value":101.029},{"date":"1787-01-01","value":104.652},{"date":"1788-01-01","value":104.749},{"date":"1789-01-01","value":120.187},{"date":"1790-01-01","value":103.894},{"date":"1791-01-01","value":108.029},{"date":"1792-01-01","value":118.228},{"date":"1793-01-01","value":104.058},{"date":"1794-01-01","value":99.0083},{"date":"1795-01-01","value":82.2724},{"date":"1796-01-01","value":100.578},{"date":"1797-01-01","value":98.0758},{"date":"1798-01-01","value":73.0718},{"date":"1799-01-01","value":74.4966},{"date":"1800-01-01","value":83.0655},{"date":"1937-01-01","value":248.793},{"date":"1938-01-01","value":238.398},{"date":"1939-01-01","value":238.573},{"date":"1940-01-01","value":220.969},{"date":"1941-01-01","value":229.848},{"date":"1942-01-01","value":201.36},{"date":"1943-01-01","value":158.775},{"date":"1944-01-01","value":50.0773},{"date":"1945-01-01","value":91.5233},{"date":"1946-01-01","value":123.652},{"date":"1947-01-01","value":125.326},{"date":"1948-01-01","value":169.056},{"date":"1949-01-01","value":224.959},{"date":"1950-01-01","value":189.025},{"date":"1951-01-01","value":211.628},{"date":"1952-01-01","value":203.059},{"date":"1953-01-01","value":187.084},{"date":"1954-01-01","value":189.611},{"date":"1955-01-01","value":133.531},{"date":"1956-01-01","value":115.554},{"date":"1957-01-01","value":142.105},{"date":"1958-01-01","value":147.486},{"date":"1959-01-01","value":154.198},{"date":"1960-01-01","value":161.581},{"date":"1961-01-01","value":146.487},{"date":"1962-01-01","value":173.022},{"date":"1963-01-01","value":171.588},{"date":"1965-01-01","value":199.761},{"date":"1966-01-01","value":202.421},{"date":"1967-01-01","value":155.98},{"date":"1968-01-01","value":167.363},{"date":"1969-01-01","value":158.298},{"date":"1970-01-01","value":160.545},{"date":"1971-01-01","value":153.373},{"date":"1972-01-01","value":154.16},{"date":"1973-01-01","value":148.22},{"date":"1974-01-01","value":170.988},{"date":"1975-01-01","value":165.317},{"date":"1976-01-01","value":169.471},{"date":"1977-01-01","value":180.452},{"date":"1978-01-01","value":189.882},{"date":"1979-01-01","value":198.021},{"date":"1980-01-01","value":213.087},{"date":"1981-01-01","value":238.167},{"date":"1982-01-01","value":228.635},{"date":"1983-01-01","value":242.239},{"date":"1984-01-01","value":252.43},{"date":"1985-01-01","value":274.011},{"date":"1986-01-01","value":287.254},{"date":"1987-01-01","value":301.588},{"date":"1988-01-01","value":345.824},{"date":"1989-01-01","value":399.154},{"date":"1990-01-01","value":441.782},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":489.026},{"date":"1992-01-01","value":516.372},{"date":"1993-01-01","value":527.998},{"date":"1994-01-01","value":571.411},{"date":"1995-01-01","value":601.838},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":614.22}],"summary":{"latest_period":"1996-01-01","latest_value":614.22,"max":614.22,"mean":96.1351,"min":20.05,"of":68,"rank":27,"trend":"volatile"}}