Chief executive of the government is chosen in multi-party elections by country
Data by Lührmann et al. (2018) and V-Dem. "Chief executive" is defined here as the head of state or the head of government, whoever has more power over the appointment and dismissal of cabinet ministers.
Countries reporting
173
Highest
1
Angola
Lowest
0
Vatican
Median
1
Years covered
237
1789–2025
Data points
30,307
What the numbers show
Chief executive of the government is chosen in multi-party elections is currently reported for 173 countries. The highest value is 1 in Angola; the lowest is 0 in Vatican.
The median across all reporting countries is 1, and the mean is 0.7977.
Chief executive of the government is chosen in multi-party elections: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Angola | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Albania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Argentina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Armenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Australia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Austria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Burundi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belgium | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Benin | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bolivia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Brazil | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Barbados | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bhutan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Botswana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Central African Republic | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Canada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Switzerland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Chile | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cameroon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Congo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Colombia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Comoros | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cape Verde | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Costa Rica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cyprus | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Czechia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Germany | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Djibouti | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Denmark | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Algeria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ecuador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Egypt | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Spain | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Estonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ethiopia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Finland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Fiji | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | France | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gabon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United Kingdom | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Georgia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ghana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Equatorial Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Greece | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guatemala | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guyana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Honduras | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Croatia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Hungary | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Indonesia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | India | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iran | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iraq | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iceland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Israel | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Italy | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Jamaica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Japan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kenya | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cambodia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Korea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lebanon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Liberia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lesotho | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lithuania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Latvia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Moldova | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Maldives | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mexico | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | North Macedonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Montenegro | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mongolia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mozambique | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritius | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malawi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malaysia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Namibia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nigeria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nicaragua | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Netherlands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Norway | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nepal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | New Zealand | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Pakistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Panama | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Peru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Philippines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Papua New Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Poland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Portugal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Paraguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Romania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Russia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Rwanda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Senegal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Singapore | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Solomon Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sierra Leone | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | El Salvador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Serbia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Suriname | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovakia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sweden | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Seychelles | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Chad | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Togo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Thailand | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Tajikistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Turkmenistan | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | East Timor | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tunisia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Turkey | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tanzania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Uganda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ukraine | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Uruguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | United States | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Uzbekistan | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Venezuela | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Vanuatu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Africa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Zambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Zimbabwe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Taiwan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 142 | Afghanistan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | United Arab Emirates | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Burkina Faso | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Bangladesh | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Bahrain | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Belarus | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | China | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Cuba | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Eritrea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Guinea | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Hong Kong | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Haiti | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Jordan | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Kuwait | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Laos | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Libya | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Morocco | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Madagascar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Mali | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Myanmar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Niger | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Oman | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | North Korea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Palestine | 0 | 1948 | — | flat |
| 142 | Qatar | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Saudi Arabia | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Sudan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Somalia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | South Sudan | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Eswatini | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 142 | Syria | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Vietnam | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Yemen | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Vatican | 0 | 1861 | — | flat |
About this data
Data by Lührmann et al. (2018) and V-Dem. "Chief executive" is defined here as the head of state or the head of government, whoever has more power over the appointment and dismissal of cabinet ministers.