Chief executive of the government is elected by country
The variable indicates whether some citizens directly or indirectly elect the chief executive. It considers political system which do not govern themselves — such as due to external interventions, occupations, or colonization — as not holding executive elections.
Countries reporting
193
Highest
1
Angola
Lowest
0
Vatican
Median
1
Years covered
237
1789–2025
Data points
32,485
What the numbers show
Chief executive of the government is elected is currently reported for 193 countries. The highest value is 1 in Angola; the lowest is 0 in Vatican.
The median across all reporting countries is 1, and the mean is 0.8342.
Chief executive of the government is elected: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Angola | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Albania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Andorra | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Argentina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Armenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Australia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Austria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Burundi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belgium | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Benin | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bahamas | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Belarus | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belize | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bolivia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Brazil | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Barbados | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bhutan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Botswana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Central African Republic | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Canada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Switzerland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Chile | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cameroon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Congo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Colombia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Comoros | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cape Verde | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Costa Rica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Cuba | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cyprus | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Czechia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Germany | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Djibouti | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Denmark | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Algeria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ecuador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Egypt | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Spain | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Estonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Ethiopia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Finland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Fiji | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | France | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Micronesia (country) | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gabon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United Kingdom | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Georgia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ghana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Equatorial Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Greece | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Grenada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guatemala | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guyana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Honduras | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 1 | Croatia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Hungary | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Indonesia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | India | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iraq | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iceland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Israel | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Italy | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Jamaica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Japan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kenya | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cambodia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kiribati | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Korea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Laos | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lebanon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Liberia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Saint Lucia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lesotho | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lithuania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Latvia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Moldova | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Maldives | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mexico | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Marshall Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | North Macedonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Montenegro | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mongolia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Mozambique | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritius | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malawi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malaysia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Namibia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nigeria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nicaragua | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Netherlands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Norway | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nepal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nauru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | New Zealand | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Pakistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Panama | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Peru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Philippines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Palau | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Papua New Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Poland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Portugal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Paraguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Romania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Russia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Rwanda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Senegal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Singapore | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Solomon Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sierra Leone | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | El Salvador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | San Marino | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Serbia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Suriname | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovakia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Slovenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Sweden | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Seychelles | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Chad | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Togo | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Thailand | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Tajikistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Turkmenistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | East Timor | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tonga | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tunisia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Turkey | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Tuvalu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Tanzania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Uganda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ukraine | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Uruguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | United States | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Uzbekistan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Venezuela | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Vietnam | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Vanuatu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Samoa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Africa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Zambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Zimbabwe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Taiwan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Western Sahara | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 165 | Afghanistan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | United Arab Emirates | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Burkina Faso | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Bangladesh | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Bahrain | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Brunei | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | China | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | Eritrea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Haiti | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | Iran | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Jordan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Kuwait | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Libya | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Morocco | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Monaco | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Madagascar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Mali | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Myanmar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Niger | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Oman | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | North Korea | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | Palestine | 0 | 1947 | — | flat |
| 165 | Qatar | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Saudi Arabia | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Sudan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Somalia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | South Sudan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 165 | Eswatini | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | Syria | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Yemen | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 165 | Vatican | 0 | 1869 | — | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- USSR 1
About this data
The variable indicates whether some citizens directly or indirectly elect the chief executive. It considers political system which do not govern themselves — such as due to external interventions, occupations, or colonization — as not holding executive elections.