Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs in Toronto
Toronto: Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs was 3,051 Degree days in 2025. ▼ Falling
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs in Toronto, 1950–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degree days.
Analysis
Toronto recorded 3,051 Degree days for cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 16.3% on the previous year and down 4.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Toronto peaked at 3,683 Degree days in 1972 and was at its lowest, 2,571 Degree days, in 1998.
That places Toronto 60th out of 1314 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 76 years of available data.
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs in Toronto, year by year
| Year | Degree days | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3,242 Degree days | — |
| 1951 | 3,134 Degree days | -3.3% |
| 1952 | 3,035 Degree days | -3.2% |
| 1953 | 2,770 Degree days | -8.7% |
| 1954 | 3,288 Degree days | +18.7% |
| 1955 | 3,226 Degree days | -1.9% |
| 1956 | 3,345 Degree days | +3.7% |
| 1957 | 3,140 Degree days | -6.1% |
| 1958 | 3,343 Degree days | +6.5% |
| 1959 | 3,465 Degree days | +3.6% |
| 1960 | 3,240 Degree days | -6.5% |
| 1961 | 3,239 Degree days | -0.0% |
| 1962 | 3,439 Degree days | +6.2% |
| 1963 | 3,516 Degree days | +2.3% |
| 1964 | 3,235 Degree days | -8.0% |
| 1965 | 3,372 Degree days | +4.2% |
| 1966 | 3,277 Degree days | -2.8% |
| 1967 | 3,306 Degree days | +0.9% |
| 1968 | 3,350 Degree days | +1.3% |
| 1969 | 3,500 Degree days | +4.5% |
| 1970 | 3,450 Degree days | -1.4% |
| 1971 | 3,329 Degree days | -3.5% |
| 1972 | 3,683 Degree days | +10.6% |
| 1973 | 2,960 Degree days | -19.6% |
| 1974 | 3,226 Degree days | +9.0% |
| 1975 | 3,058 Degree days | -5.2% |
| 1976 | 3,501 Degree days | +14.5% |
| 1977 | 3,274 Degree days | -6.5% |
| 1978 | 3,559 Degree days | +8.7% |
| 1979 | 3,298 Degree days | -7.3% |
| 1980 | 3,530 Degree days | +7.0% |
| 1981 | 3,331 Degree days | -5.6% |
| 1982 | 3,287 Degree days | -1.3% |
| 1983 | 3,146 Degree days | -4.3% |
| 1984 | 3,261 Degree days | +3.6% |
| 1985 | 3,214 Degree days | -1.4% |
| 1986 | 3,157 Degree days | -1.8% |
| 1987 | 2,936 Degree days | -7.0% |
| 1988 | 3,242 Degree days | +10.4% |
| 1989 | 3,468 Degree days | +7.0% |
| 1990 | 2,808 Degree days | -19.0% |
| 1991 | 2,875 Degree days | +2.4% |
| 1992 | 3,256 Degree days | +13.2% |
| 1993 | 3,298 Degree days | +1.3% |
| 1994 | 3,362 Degree days | +1.9% |
| 1995 | 3,256 Degree days | -3.2% |
| 1996 | 3,441 Degree days | +5.7% |
| 1997 | 3,240 Degree days | -5.8% |
| 1998 | 2,571 Degree days | -20.7% |
| 1999 | 2,921 Degree days | +13.6% |
| 2000 | 3,130 Degree days | +7.1% |
| 2001 | 2,863 Degree days | -8.5% |
| 2002 | 2,986 Degree days | +4.3% |
| 2003 | 3,439 Degree days | +15.2% |
| 2004 | 3,244 Degree days | -5.7% |
| 2005 | 3,242 Degree days | -0.1% |
| 2006 | 2,803 Degree days | -13.5% |
| 2007 | 3,135 Degree days | +11.9% |
| 2008 | 3,215 Degree days | +2.5% |
| 2009 | 3,223 Degree days | +0.2% |
| 2010 | 2,931 Degree days | -9.0% |
| 2011 | 3,074 Degree days | +4.9% |
| 2012 | 2,623 Degree days | -14.7% |
| 2013 | 3,216 Degree days | +22.6% |
| 2014 | 3,497 Degree days | +8.7% |
| 2015 | 3,196 Degree days | -8.6% |
| 2016 | 2,877 Degree days | -10.0% |
| 2017 | 2,878 Degree days | +0.1% |
| 2018 | 3,144 Degree days | +9.2% |
| 2019 | 3,232 Degree days | +2.8% |
| 2020 | 2,836 Degree days | -12.2% |
| 2021 | 2,755 Degree days | -2.9% |
| 2022 | 3,047 Degree days | +10.6% |
| 2023 | 2,777 Degree days | -8.8% |
| 2024 | 2,624 Degree days | -5.5% |
| 2025 | 3,051 Degree days | +16.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 3,199 Degree days | 2,770 Degree days | 3,465 Degree days | 10 |
| 1960s | 3,347 Degree days | 3,235 Degree days | 3,516 Degree days | 10 |
| 1970s | 3,334 Degree days | 2,960 Degree days | 3,683 Degree days | 10 |
| 1980s | 3,257 Degree days | 2,936 Degree days | 3,530 Degree days | 10 |
| 1990s | 3,103 Degree days | 2,571 Degree days | 3,441 Degree days | 10 |
| 2000s | 3,128 Degree days | 2,803 Degree days | 3,439 Degree days | 10 |
| 2010s | 3,067 Degree days | 2,623 Degree days | 3,497 Degree days | 10 |
| 2020s | 2,848 Degree days | 2,624 Degree days | 3,051 Degree days | 6 |
More reference data data for Toronto
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree 102.2 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in cooling -4.8 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating -91.28 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating 82.4 % change on previous year (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs, annual growth rate 16.29 % change on previous year (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in cooling -404.86 % change on previous year (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree -5.87 % change on previous year (2025)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Extreme precipitation days 10.54 Days per year (2024)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation 4.02 Days per year (2024)
- Dependency ratio - Cities and FUAs 23.9 Percentage of population aged 15-64 years (2021)
Frequently asked questions
- What is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Toronto?
- Cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Toronto was 3,051 Degree days in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas recorded in Toronto?
- The highest recorded value was 3,683 Degree days in 1972.
- What is the lowest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas recorded in Toronto?
- The lowest recorded value was 2,571 Degree days in 1998.
- How does Toronto rank for cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas?
- Toronto ranks 60th out of 1314 groups with data for 2025.
- Is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas rising or falling in Toronto?
- Over the last ten years it is down 4.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Toronto data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 76 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of Cooling and Heating Degree Days (CDDs and HDDs) for FUAs and cities. CDDs and HDDs are measurements used to estimate energy usage based on outdoor temperature. CDD measures the demand for cooling, while HDD measures the demand for heating, both calculated relative to a baseline temperature. Data sources and methodology The indicators use 0.1-degree resolution grids from the ERA5-Land dataset. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. Annual CDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the daily mean outdoor air temperature and the threshold temperature when the outdoor temperature is above the threshold temperature. HDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the threshold temperature and the daily mean outdoor air temperature when the outdoor temperature is below the threshold temperature. Threshold temperatures are set to 22°C for CDDs and 15°C for HDDs. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org