Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs in Helsinki/Helsingfors
Helsinki/Helsingfors: Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs was 3,228 Degree days in 2025. βΌ Falling
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs in Helsinki/Helsingfors, 1950β2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degree days.
Analysis
In 2025, cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Helsinki/Helsingfors stood at 3,228 Degree days.
The figure is down 4.6% on the previous year and up 5.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Helsinki/Helsingfors peaked at 4,561 Degree days in 1985 and was at its lowest, 2,810 Degree days, in 2020.
Helsinki/Helsingfors ranks 45th of 1323 regions on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 76 years of available data.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 3,953 Degree days | 3,584 Degree days | 4,448 Degree days | 10 |
| 1960s | 4,052 Degree days | 3,571 Degree days | 4,402 Degree days | 10 |
| 1970s | 3,892 Degree days | 3,326 Degree days | 4,336 Degree days | 10 |
| 1980s | 3,956 Degree days | 3,216 Degree days | 4,561 Degree days | 10 |
| 1990s | 3,718 Degree days | 3,344 Degree days | 4,105 Degree days | 10 |
| 2000s | 3,582 Degree days | 3,104 Degree days | 3,825 Degree days | 10 |
| 2010s | 3,498 Degree days | 3,053 Degree days | 4,223 Degree days | 10 |
| 2020s | 3,355 Degree days | 2,810 Degree days | 3,666 Degree days | 6 |
More reference data data for Helsinki/Helsingfors
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs β Cooling degree 11.8 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs β Change in cooling -4.45 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs β Change in heating -525.14 Degree days (2025)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs β Extreme precipitation days 2.67 Days per year (2024)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs β Change in extreme precipitation 1.47 Days per year (2024)
- Dependency ratio - Cities and FUAs 25.8 Percentage of population aged 15-64 years (2024)
- Wind threats - Cities and FUAs β Exposure to wind threats 0 Percentage of area (2023)
- Coastal flooding - Cities and FUAs β Built-up area exposure to 4.78 Percentage of built-up area (2022)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs β Downloading speed 0.2 Percentage of national value (2025)
- Internet speed - Cities and FUAs β Uploading speed -6.9 Percentage of national value (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Helsinki/Helsingfors?
- Cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas in Helsinki/Helsingfors was 3,228 Degree days in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas recorded in Helsinki/Helsingfors?
- The highest recorded value was 4,561 Degree days in 1985.
- What is the lowest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas recorded in Helsinki/Helsingfors?
- The lowest recorded value was 2,810 Degree days in 2020.
- How does Helsinki/Helsingfors rank for cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas?
- Helsinki/Helsingfors ranks 45th out of 1323 regions with data for 2025.
- Is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas rising or falling in Helsinki/Helsingfors?
- Over the last ten years it is up 5.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Helsinki/Helsingfors data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV Β· JSON β 76 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
<p align="justify">This dataset provides indicators of Cooling and Heating Degree Days (CDDs and HDDs) for FUAs and cities. CDDs and HDDs are measurements used to estimate energy usage based on outdoor temperature. CDD measures the demand for cooling, while HDD measures the demand for heating, both calculated relative to a baseline temperature.</p> <h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p align="justify"> The indicators use 0.1-degree resolution grids from the <a href=https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_LAND_DAILY_AGGR>ERA5-Land dataset</a>. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. Annual CDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the daily mean outdoor air temperature and the threshold temperature when the outdoor temperature is above the threshold temperature. HDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the threshold temperature and the daily mean outdoor air temperature when the outdoor temperature is below the threshold temperature. Threshold temperatures are set to 22Β°C for CDDs and 15Β°C for HDDs.</p> <p align="justify"> These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. </p> <h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> β defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> β including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> <p> The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in <a href=https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/cities_local_areas/fua_cities_sau_mapping.parquet>parquet </a> and <a href=https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/cities_local_areas/fua_cities_sau_mapping.csv>csv</a> format. </p> The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p> <h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href="http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1dj">Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs</a>),Β <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>