Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating degree days from 1981–2010 period to 2020–24 period by country
This dataset provides indicators of Cooling and Heating Degree Days (CDDs and HDDs) for FUAs and cities. CDDs and HDDs are measurements used to estimate energy usage based on outdoor temperature. CDD measures the demand for cooling, while HDD measures the demand for heating, both calculated relative to a baseline...
What the numbers show
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating degree days from 1981–2010 period to 2020–24 period is currently reported for 2 countries. The highest value is -58.98 Degree days in Armenia; the lowest is -501.08 Degree days in Luxembourg.
The median across all reporting countries is -280.03 Degree days, and the mean is -280.03 Degree days.
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Armenia | -58.98 Degree days | 2025 | down 3.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Luxembourg | -501.08 Degree days | 2025 | down 95.2% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Verviers 1,593 Degree days
- Nantes -161.19 Degree days
- Stevenage 1,296 Degree days
- Porto -173.03 Degree days
- Collado Villalba 1,250 Degree days
- Valparaíso -208.08 Degree days
- Bamberg 1,077 Degree days
- Coimbra -278.62 Degree days
- Le Havre 1,065 Degree days
- Sacramento -291.3 Degree days
- Bremerhaven 860.81 Degree days
- Santiago -306.7 Degree days
- Lubin 726.58 Degree days
- Toledo -313.86 Degree days
- Kalisz 703.02 Degree days
- Braga -315.42 Degree days
- Trenčín 700.44 Degree days
- Treviso -380.32 Degree days
- Bacău 563.83 Degree days
- Augsburg 547.51 Degree days
- Kingston upon Hull 467.83 Degree days
- Leicester 467.3 Degree days
- Erie (PA) 449.17 Degree days
- Fukui 444.88 Degree days
- Innsbruck 439.77 Degree days
- Radom 439.27 Degree days
- Ballarat 333.54 Degree days
- Schweinfurt 321.61 Degree days
- Chorzów 304.6 Degree days
- Gumi 276.98 Degree days
- Malmö 203.16 Degree days
- Głogów 185.74 Degree days
- Tamworth 166.65 Degree days
- Gniezno 163.65 Degree days
- Dundee City 155.35 Degree days
- Erlangen 153.87 Degree days
- Torrejón de Ardoz 141.95 Degree days
- Palencia 141.8 Degree days
- Piła 128.96 Degree days
- Potsdam 128.59 Degree days
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of Cooling and Heating Degree Days (CDDs and HDDs) for FUAs and cities. CDDs and HDDs are measurements used to estimate energy usage based on outdoor temperature. CDD measures the demand for cooling, while HDD measures the demand for heating, both calculated relative to a baseline temperature. Data sources and methodology The indicators use 0.1-degree resolution grids from the ERA5-Land dataset. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. Annual CDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the daily mean outdoor air temperature and the threshold temperature when the outdoor temperature is above the threshold temperature. HDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the threshold temperature and the daily mean outdoor air temperature when the outdoor temperature is below the threshold temperature. Threshold temperatures are set to 22°C for CDDs and 15°C for HDDs. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org