{"entity":{"iso2":"ZM","iso3":"ZMB","name":"Zambia","slug":"zambia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"clientelism-index","source":"V-Dem (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/clientelism-index","title":"Clientelism Index","unit":null},"observations":[{"date":"1911-01-01","value":0.516},{"date":"1912-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1913-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1914-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1915-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1916-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1917-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1918-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1919-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1920-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1921-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1922-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1923-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1924-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1925-01-01","value":0.565},{"date":"1926-01-01","value":0.326},{"date":"1927-01-01","value":0.326},{"date":"1928-01-01","value":0.326},{"date":"1929-01-01","value":0.327},{"date":"1930-01-01","value":0.329},{"date":"1931-01-01","value":0.329},{"date":"1932-01-01","value":0.337},{"date":"1933-01-01","value":0.347},{"date":"1934-01-01","value":0.347},{"date":"1935-01-01","value":0.345},{"date":"1936-01-01","value":0.309},{"date":"1937-01-01","value":0.309},{"date":"1938-01-01","value":0.31},{"date":"1939-01-01","value":0.31},{"date":"1940-01-01","value":0.291},{"date":"1941-01-01","value":0.286},{"date":"1942-01-01","value":0.286},{"date":"1943-01-01","value":0.286},{"date":"1944-01-01","value":0.299},{"date":"1945-01-01","value":0.299},{"date":"1946-01-01","value":0.299},{"date":"1947-01-01","value":0.317},{"date":"1948-01-01","value":0.305},{"date":"1949-01-01","value":0.305},{"date":"1950-01-01","value":0.305},{"date":"1951-01-01","value":0.304},{"date":"1952-01-01","value":0.304},{"date":"1953-01-01","value":0.304},{"date":"1954-01-01","value":0.281},{"date":"1955-01-01","value":0.28},{"date":"1956-01-01","value":0.28},{"date":"1957-01-01","value":0.28},{"date":"1958-01-01","value":0.28},{"date":"1959-01-01","value":0.276},{"date":"1960-01-01","value":0.275},{"date":"1961-01-01","value":0.275},{"date":"1962-01-01","value":0.288},{"date":"1963-01-01","value":0.351},{"date":"1964-01-01","value":0.243},{"date":"1965-01-01","value":0.194},{"date":"1966-01-01","value":0.194},{"date":"1967-01-01","value":0.212},{"date":"1968-01-01","value":0.213},{"date":"1969-01-01","value":0.258},{"date":"1970-01-01","value":0.258},{"date":"1971-01-01","value":0.258},{"date":"1972-01-01","value":0.298},{"date":"1973-01-01","value":0.272},{"date":"1974-01-01","value":0.302},{"date":"1975-01-01","value":0.302},{"date":"1976-01-01","value":0.302},{"date":"1977-01-01","value":0.302},{"date":"1978-01-01","value":0.302},{"date":"1979-01-01","value":0.313},{"date":"1980-01-01","value":0.313},{"date":"1981-01-01","value":0.313},{"date":"1982-01-01","value":0.313},{"date":"1983-01-01","value":0.396},{"date":"1984-01-01","value":0.402},{"date":"1985-01-01","value":0.402},{"date":"1986-01-01","value":0.402},{"date":"1987-01-01","value":0.402},{"date":"1988-01-01","value":0.404},{"date":"1989-01-01","value":0.409},{"date":"1990-01-01","value":0.409},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":0.427},{"date":"1992-01-01","value":0.375},{"date":"1993-01-01","value":0.375},{"date":"1994-01-01","value":0.375},{"date":"1995-01-01","value":0.378},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.406},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.463},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.463},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.463},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.463},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.463},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.447},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.447},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.447},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.495},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.517},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.533},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.539},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.55},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.513},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.528},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.525},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.617},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.617},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.618},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.602},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.651},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.589},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.485},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.569},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.529},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.467},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.401},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.426},{"date":"2025-01-01","value":0.488}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2025-01-01","latest_value":0.488,"max":0.651,"mean":0.397374,"min":0.194,"of":176,"rank":89,"trend":"rising"}}