{"entity":{"iso2":"PL","iso3":"POL","name":"Poland","slug":"poland"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"clientelism-index","source":"V-Dem (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/clientelism-index","title":"Clientelism Index","unit":null},"observations":[{"date":"1789-01-01","value":0.966},{"date":"1790-01-01","value":0.966},{"date":"1791-01-01","value":0.966},{"date":"1792-01-01","value":0.966},{"date":"1793-01-01","value":0.966},{"date":"1794-01-01","value":0.755},{"date":"1795-01-01","value":0.963},{"date":"1807-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1808-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1809-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1810-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1811-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1812-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1813-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1814-01-01","value":0.56},{"date":"1815-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1816-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1817-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1818-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1819-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1820-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1821-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1822-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1823-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1824-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1825-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1826-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1827-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1828-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1829-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1830-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1831-01-01","value":0.444},{"date":"1918-01-01","value":0.241},{"date":"1919-01-01","value":0.169},{"date":"1920-01-01","value":0.201},{"date":"1921-01-01","value":0.201},{"date":"1922-01-01","value":0.201},{"date":"1923-01-01","value":0.203},{"date":"1924-01-01","value":0.203},{"date":"1925-01-01","value":0.203},{"date":"1926-01-01","value":0.203},{"date":"1927-01-01","value":0.189},{"date":"1928-01-01","value":0.287},{"date":"1929-01-01","value":0.307},{"date":"1930-01-01","value":0.362},{"date":"1931-01-01","value":0.39},{"date":"1932-01-01","value":0.39},{"date":"1933-01-01","value":0.39},{"date":"1934-01-01","value":0.39},{"date":"1935-01-01","value":0.363},{"date":"1936-01-01","value":0.306},{"date":"1937-01-01","value":0.306},{"date":"1938-01-01","value":0.304},{"date":"1944-01-01","value":0.629},{"date":"1945-01-01","value":0.629},{"date":"1946-01-01","value":0.629},{"date":"1947-01-01","value":0.536},{"date":"1948-01-01","value":0.533},{"date":"1949-01-01","value":0.533},{"date":"1950-01-01","value":0.54},{"date":"1951-01-01","value":0.54},{"date":"1952-01-01","value":0.526},{"date":"1953-01-01","value":0.462},{"date":"1954-01-01","value":0.462},{"date":"1955-01-01","value":0.462},{"date":"1956-01-01","value":0.462},{"date":"1957-01-01","value":0.441},{"date":"1958-01-01","value":0.44},{"date":"1959-01-01","value":0.44},{"date":"1960-01-01","value":0.44},{"date":"1961-01-01","value":0.471},{"date":"1962-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1963-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1964-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1965-01-01","value":0.482},{"date":"1966-01-01","value":0.481},{"date":"1967-01-01","value":0.481},{"date":"1968-01-01","value":0.481},{"date":"1969-01-01","value":0.483},{"date":"1970-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1971-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1972-01-01","value":0.48},{"date":"1973-01-01","value":0.478},{"date":"1974-01-01","value":0.478},{"date":"1975-01-01","value":0.478},{"date":"1976-01-01","value":0.47},{"date":"1977-01-01","value":0.468},{"date":"1978-01-01","value":0.468},{"date":"1979-01-01","value":0.468},{"date":"1980-01-01","value":0.475},{"date":"1981-01-01","value":0.477},{"date":"1982-01-01","value":0.477},{"date":"1983-01-01","value":0.477},{"date":"1984-01-01","value":0.477},{"date":"1985-01-01","value":0.479},{"date":"1986-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1987-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1988-01-01","value":0.484},{"date":"1989-01-01","value":0.323},{"date":"1990-01-01","value":0.255},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":0.22},{"date":"1992-01-01","value":0.188},{"date":"1993-01-01","value":0.186},{"date":"1994-01-01","value":0.181},{"date":"1995-01-01","value":0.18},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.172},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.172},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.173},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.173},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.16},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.16},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.152},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.152},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.152},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.147},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.132},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.12},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.113},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.113},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.103},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.1},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.112},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.111},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.111},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.121},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.14},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.14},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.132},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.134},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.226},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.238},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.233},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.262},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.173},{"date":"2025-01-01","value":0.143}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2025-01-01","latest_value":0.143,"max":0.966,"mean":0.389578,"min":0.1,"of":176,"rank":144,"trend":"volatile"}}
