{"entity":{"iso2":"PA","iso3":"PAN","name":"Panama","slug":"panama"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"clientelism-index","source":"V-Dem (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/clientelism-index","title":"Clientelism Index","unit":null},"observations":[{"date":"1903-01-01","value":0.858},{"date":"1904-01-01","value":0.868},{"date":"1905-01-01","value":0.868},{"date":"1906-01-01","value":0.874},{"date":"1907-01-01","value":0.88},{"date":"1908-01-01","value":0.876},{"date":"1909-01-01","value":0.872},{"date":"1910-01-01","value":0.878},{"date":"1911-01-01","value":0.884},{"date":"1912-01-01","value":0.88},{"date":"1913-01-01","value":0.877},{"date":"1914-01-01","value":0.878},{"date":"1915-01-01","value":0.879},{"date":"1916-01-01","value":0.879},{"date":"1917-01-01","value":0.878},{"date":"1918-01-01","value":0.875},{"date":"1919-01-01","value":0.863},{"date":"1920-01-01","value":0.861},{"date":"1921-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1922-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1923-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1924-01-01","value":0.865},{"date":"1925-01-01","value":0.87},{"date":"1926-01-01","value":0.87},{"date":"1927-01-01","value":0.87},{"date":"1928-01-01","value":0.866},{"date":"1929-01-01","value":0.861},{"date":"1930-01-01","value":0.861},{"date":"1931-01-01","value":0.861},{"date":"1932-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1933-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1934-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1935-01-01","value":0.86},{"date":"1936-01-01","value":0.859},{"date":"1937-01-01","value":0.859},{"date":"1938-01-01","value":0.859},{"date":"1939-01-01","value":0.859},{"date":"1940-01-01","value":0.861},{"date":"1941-01-01","value":0.862},{"date":"1942-01-01","value":0.862},{"date":"1943-01-01","value":0.862},{"date":"1944-01-01","value":0.862},{"date":"1945-01-01","value":0.865},{"date":"1946-01-01","value":0.867},{"date":"1947-01-01","value":0.867},{"date":"1948-01-01","value":0.714},{"date":"1949-01-01","value":0.817},{"date":"1950-01-01","value":0.817},{"date":"1951-01-01","value":0.817},{"date":"1952-01-01","value":0.818},{"date":"1953-01-01","value":0.819},{"date":"1954-01-01","value":0.819},{"date":"1955-01-01","value":0.819},{"date":"1956-01-01","value":0.818},{"date":"1957-01-01","value":0.818},{"date":"1958-01-01","value":0.818},{"date":"1959-01-01","value":0.818},{"date":"1960-01-01","value":0.819},{"date":"1961-01-01","value":0.82},{"date":"1962-01-01","value":0.82},{"date":"1963-01-01","value":0.82},{"date":"1964-01-01","value":0.817},{"date":"1965-01-01","value":0.815},{"date":"1966-01-01","value":0.815},{"date":"1967-01-01","value":0.815},{"date":"1968-01-01","value":0.786},{"date":"1969-01-01","value":0.718},{"date":"1970-01-01","value":0.718},{"date":"1971-01-01","value":0.718},{"date":"1972-01-01","value":0.682},{"date":"1973-01-01","value":0.628},{"date":"1974-01-01","value":0.628},{"date":"1975-01-01","value":0.628},{"date":"1976-01-01","value":0.628},{"date":"1977-01-01","value":0.628},{"date":"1978-01-01","value":0.635},{"date":"1979-01-01","value":0.645},{"date":"1980-01-01","value":0.706},{"date":"1981-01-01","value":0.852},{"date":"1982-01-01","value":0.854},{"date":"1983-01-01","value":0.854},{"date":"1984-01-01","value":0.908},{"date":"1985-01-01","value":0.906},{"date":"1986-01-01","value":0.906},{"date":"1987-01-01","value":0.906},{"date":"1988-01-01","value":0.906},{"date":"1989-01-01","value":0.831},{"date":"1990-01-01","value":0.58},{"date":"1991-01-01","value":0.676},{"date":"1992-01-01","value":0.683},{"date":"1993-01-01","value":0.683},{"date":"1994-01-01","value":0.683},{"date":"1995-01-01","value":0.684},{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.684},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.684},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.684},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.681},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.691},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.691},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.691},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.691},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.696},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.679},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.679},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.679},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.679},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.684},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.717},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.717},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.717},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.692},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.674},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.647},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.647},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.647},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.647},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.644},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.65},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.647},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.625},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.632},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.615},{"date":"2025-01-01","value":0.596}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2025-01-01","latest_value":0.596,"max":0.908,"mean":0.78078,"min":0.58,"of":176,"rank":62,"trend":"falling"}}