Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income

Low & middle income: Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity was 0.9077 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9077 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.2%
Rank
20th
of 37 groups
All-time high
0.9077 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.6926 GPIA
in 1975
Years of data
45
1975–2019

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income, 1975–2019

00.20.40.60.811975199720191975: 0.693 GPIA1976: 0.694 GPIA1977: 0.696 GPIA1978: 0.702 GPIA1979: 0.707 GPIA1980: 0.712 GPIA1981: 0.72 GPIA1982: 0.726 GPIA1983: 0.733 GPIA1984: 0.741 GPIA1985: 0.747 GPIA1986: 0.753 GPIA1987: 0.758 GPIA1988: 0.775 GPIA1989: 0.78 GPIA1990: 0.785 GPIA1991: 0.791 GPIA1992: 0.793 GPIA1993: 0.796 GPIA1994: 0.801 GPIA1995: 0.806 GPIA1996: 0.811 GPIA1997: 0.839 GPIA1998: 0.841 GPIA1999: 0.845 GPIA2000: 0.847 GPIA2001: 0.851 GPIA2002: 0.853 GPIA2003: 0.856 GPIA2004: 0.858 GPIA2005: 0.857 GPIA2006: 0.866 GPIA2007: 0.869 GPIA2008: 0.871 GPIA2009: 0.874 GPIA2010: 0.884 GPIA2011: 0.888 GPIA2012: 0.89 GPIA2013: 0.891 GPIA2014: 0.896 GPIA2015: 0.898 GPIA2016: 0.901 GPIA2017: 0.904 GPIA2018: 0.905 GPIA2019: 0.908 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

In 2019, adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income stood at 0.9077 GPIA. That is the highest value across all 45 years on record.

That represents a change of up 0.2% on the previous year and up 3.8% over ten years.

Over the whole period, adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income peaked at 0.9077 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.6926 GPIA, in 1975.

Low & middle income ranks 20th of 37 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 45 years of available data.

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income, year by year

Annual values for Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Low & middle income, 1975 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1975 0.6926 GPIA
1976 0.6938 GPIA +0.2%
1977 0.6955 GPIA +0.2%
1978 0.7016 GPIA +0.9%
1979 0.7075 GPIA +0.8%
1980 0.7121 GPIA +0.7%
1981 0.7202 GPIA +1.1%
1982 0.7256 GPIA +0.7%
1983 0.7332 GPIA +1.1%
1984 0.7406 GPIA +1.0%
1985 0.747 GPIA +0.9%
1986 0.7526 GPIA +0.8%
1987 0.7585 GPIA +0.8%
1988 0.7749 GPIA +2.2%
1989 0.78 GPIA +0.7%
1990 0.7847 GPIA +0.6%
1991 0.7913 GPIA +0.9%
1992 0.7933 GPIA +0.2%
1993 0.7963 GPIA +0.4%
1994 0.8009 GPIA +0.6%
1995 0.8057 GPIA +0.6%
1996 0.8106 GPIA +0.6%
1997 0.8391 GPIA +3.5%
1998 0.8414 GPIA +0.3%
1999 0.845 GPIA +0.4%
2000 0.8467 GPIA +0.2%
2001 0.851 GPIA +0.5%
2002 0.8529 GPIA +0.2%
2003 0.8556 GPIA +0.3%
2004 0.8584 GPIA +0.3%
2005 0.857 GPIA -0.2%
2006 0.8657 GPIA +1.0%
2007 0.8689 GPIA +0.4%
2008 0.8706 GPIA +0.2%
2009 0.8743 GPIA +0.4%
2010 0.8841 GPIA +1.1%
2011 0.8885 GPIA +0.5%
2012 0.8897 GPIA +0.1%
2013 0.8913 GPIA +0.2%
2014 0.8958 GPIA +0.5%
2015 0.8979 GPIA +0.2%
2016 0.9009 GPIA +0.3%
2017 0.9041 GPIA +0.4%
2018 0.9055 GPIA +0.2%
2019 0.9077 GPIA +0.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.6982 GPIA 0.6926 GPIA 0.7075 GPIA 5
1980s 0.7445 GPIA 0.7121 GPIA 0.78 GPIA 10
1990s 0.8108 GPIA 0.7847 GPIA 0.845 GPIA 10
2000s 0.8601 GPIA 0.8467 GPIA 0.8743 GPIA 10
2010s 0.8966 GPIA 0.8841 GPIA 0.9077 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Low & middle income

  1. 17 Dominican Republic 0.9997 GPIA compare
  2. 18 Kazakhstan 0.9991 GPIA compare
  3. 19 Azerbaijan 0.9986 GPIA compare
  4. 20 Chile 0.9985 GPIA compare
  5. 21 Namibia 0.9979 GPIA compare
  6. 22 Republic of Moldova 0.9954 GPIA compare
  7. 23 Albania 0.9924 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 124 places →

More reference data data for Low & middle income

All data for Low & middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income?
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income was 0.9077 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Low & middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.9077 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Low & middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.6926 GPIA in 1975.
How does Low & middle income rank for adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity?
Low & middle income ranks 20th out of 37 groups with data for 2019.
Is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity rising or falling in Low & middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 3.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Low & middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Low & middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 06 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/adult-literacy-rate-population-15-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/low-and-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
124 places, 2,183 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/